Scientific Sessions

Graphene, carbon nanostructures, and 2D or 3D materials represent some of the most advanced and promising materials in modern science and technology. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, is celebrated for its extraordinary properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, exceptional mechanical strength, and optical transparency. Its atomic thinness combined with robustness makes it a versatile material for applications ranging from flexible electronics and energy storage devices to sensors and biomedical technologies. Carbon nanostructures encompass a broader class of carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and nanodiamonds, each exhibiting unique mechanical, electronic, and chemical characteristics. CNTs, for instance, offer remarkable tensile strength and excellent conductive properties, making them suitable for nanocomposites, electronics, and hydrogen storage. Fullerenes, with their spherical molecular arrangement, find applications in drug delivery systems, photovoltaics, and superconductors.

Expanding beyond graphene and carbon nanostructures, 2D and 3D materials refer to engineered materials that exist in ultra-thin or bulk forms with precisely tuned properties for specific applications. Two-dimensional materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like MoS2 and WS2, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and phosphorene, exhibit unique electronic band structures, enabling use in nanoelectronics, photonics, and quantum computing. Meanwhile, 3D materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and complex nanocomposites integrate multi-scale structural architectures to deliver enhanced mechanical, catalytic, or adsorption capabilities. The combination of 2D and 3D architectures opens up possibilities for hybrid devices, where atomic-level thinness is coupled with bulk structural stability, enabling breakthroughs in areas like high-capacity batteries, supercapacitors, water purification, and aerospace engineering. Ongoing research aims to optimize synthesis methods, scalability, and functional integration of these materials, paving the way for next-generation technologies that merge exceptional physical properties with real-world applicability.