Scientific Sessions

Nanomaterials and nanostructures are materials engineered at the nanometer scale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties emerge due to quantum effects and high surface-to-volume ratios. At this scale, materials can exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity, improved mechanical strength, superior thermal stability, and distinct optical behaviors compared to their bulk counterparts. Nanomaterials can be classified into various types such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanofilms, and quantum dots, each offering specific functionalities for targeted applications. The synthesis of nanomaterials involves techniques like chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel processing, electrospinning, and molecular self-assembly, enabling precise control over size, shape, and surface characteristics. These engineered structures are widely used in electronics, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications, driving advancements in multiple scientific and industrial domains.

Nanostructures, which are the building blocks of nanomaterials, can be tailored into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) architectures, each offering distinct advantages in specific applications. For instance, carbon nanotubes and nanowires are employed in high-strength composites and nanoelectronics, while graphene and other 2D materials find use in flexible electronics, sensors, and transparent conductive films. In the biomedical field, nanostructured materials enhance drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering by enabling targeted, controlled release and improved biocompatibility. Additionally, their large surface area and reactivity make them highly effective in energy applications such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells. However, despite their immense potential, the large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental and health impacts of nanomaterials remain challenges that require careful consideration. Ongoing research continues to refine synthesis methods, improve stability, and ensure safe usage, making nanomaterials and nanostructures pivotal in shaping the future of advanced technologies.